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Author Lei Kang; Lichao Zhang; Dazhi Jiang edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Learning Robust Self-Attention Features for Speech Emotion Recognition with Label-Adaptive Mixup Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Abbreviated Journal  
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  Abstract Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is to recognize human emotions in a natural verbal interaction scenario with machines, which is considered as a challenging problem due to the ambiguous human emotions. Despite the recent progress in SER, state-of-the-art models struggle to achieve a satisfactory performance. We propose a self-attention based method with combined use of label-adaptive mixup and center loss. By adapting label probabilities in mixup and fitting center loss to the mixup training scheme, our proposed method achieves a superior performance to the state-of-the-art methods.  
  Address Rodhes Islands; Greece; June 2023  
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  Area Expedition Conference ICASSP  
  Notes LAMP Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ KZJ2023 Serial (down) 3984  
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Author Anders Skaarup Johansen; Kamal Nasrollahi; Sergio Escalera; Thomas B. Moeslund edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Who Cares about the Weather? Inferring Weather Conditions for Weather-Aware Object Detection in Thermal Images Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Applied Sciences Abbreviated Journal AS  
  Volume 13 Issue 18 Pages  
  Keywords thermal; object detection; concept drift; conditioning; weather recognition  
  Abstract Deployments of real-world object detection systems often experience a degradation in performance over time due to concept drift. Systems that leverage thermal cameras are especially susceptible because the respective thermal signatures of objects and their surroundings are highly sensitive to environmental changes. In this study, two types of weather-aware latent conditioning methods are investigated. The proposed method aims to guide two object detectors, (YOLOv5 and Deformable DETR) to become weather-aware. This is achieved by leveraging an auxiliary branch that predicts weather-related information while conditioning intermediate layers of the object detector. While the conditioning methods proposed do not directly improve the accuracy of baseline detectors, it can be observed that conditioned networks manage to extract a weather-related signal from the thermal images, thus resulting in a decreased miss rate at the cost of increased false positives. The extracted signal appears noisy and is thus challenging to regress accurately. This is most likely a result of the qualitative nature of the thermal sensor; thus, further work is needed to identify an ideal method for optimizing the conditioning branch, as well as to further improve the accuracy of the system.  
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  Notes HUPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SNE2023 Serial (down) 3983  
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Author Xavier Soria; Angel Sappa; Patricio Humanante; Arash Akbarinia edit  url
openurl 
  Title Dense extreme inception network for edge detection Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal PR  
  Volume 139 Issue Pages 109461  
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  Abstract Edge detection is the basis of many computer vision applications. State of the art predominantly relies on deep learning with two decisive factors: dataset content and network architecture. Most of the publicly available datasets are not curated for edge detection tasks. Here, we address this limitation. First, we argue that edges, contours and boundaries, despite their overlaps, are three distinct visual features requiring separate benchmark datasets. To this end, we present a new dataset of edges. Second, we propose a novel architecture, termed Dense Extreme Inception Network for Edge Detection (DexiNed), that can be trained from scratch without any pre-trained weights. DexiNed outperforms other algorithms in the presented dataset. It also generalizes well to other datasets without any fine-tuning. The higher quality of DexiNed is also perceptually evident thanks to the sharper and finer edges it outputs.  
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  Notes MSIAU Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SSH2023 Serial (down) 3982  
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Author Marco Cotogni; Fei Yang; Claudio Cusano; Andrew Bagdanov; Joost Van de Weijer edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Exemplar-free Continual Learning of Vision Transformers via Gated Class-Attention and Cascaded Feature Drift Compensation Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2023 Publication ARXIV Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract We propose a new method for exemplar-free class incremental training of ViTs. The main challenge of exemplar-free continual learning is maintaining plasticity of the learner without causing catastrophic forgetting of previously learned tasks. This is often achieved via exemplar replay which can help recalibrate previous task classifiers to the feature drift which occurs when learning new tasks. Exemplar replay, however, comes at the cost of retaining samples from previous tasks which for many applications may not be possible. To address the problem of continual ViT training, we first propose gated class-attention to minimize the drift in the final ViT transformer block. This mask-based gating is applied to class-attention mechanism of the last transformer block and strongly regulates the weights crucial for previous tasks. Importantly, gated class-attention does not require the task-ID during inference, which distinguishes it from other parameter isolation methods. Secondly, we propose a new method of feature drift compensation that accommodates feature drift in the backbone when learning new tasks. The combination of gated class-attention and cascaded feature drift compensation allows for plasticity towards new tasks while limiting forgetting of previous ones. Extensive experiments performed on CIFAR-100, Tiny-ImageNet and ImageNet100 demonstrate that our exemplar-free method obtains competitive results when compared to rehearsal based ViT methods.  
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  Notes LAMP Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ CYC2023 Serial (down) 3981  
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Author Francesco Fabbri; Xianghang Liu; Jack R. McKenzie; Bartlomiej Twardowski; Tri Kurniawan Wijaya edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title FedFNN: Faster Training Convergence Through Update Predictions in Federated Recommender Systems Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2023 Publication ARXIV Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a key approach for distributed machine learning, enhancing online personalization while ensuring user data privacy. Instead of sending private data to a central server as in traditional approaches, FL decentralizes computations: devices train locally and share updates with a global server. A primary challenge in this setting is achieving fast and accurate model training – vital for recommendation systems where delays can compromise user engagement. This paper introduces FedFNN, an algorithm that accelerates decentralized model training. In FL, only a subset of users are involved in each training epoch. FedFNN employs supervised learning to predict weight updates from unsampled users, using updates from the sampled set. Our evaluations, using real and synthetic data, show: 1. FedFNN achieves training speeds 5x faster than leading methods, maintaining or improving accuracy; 2. the algorithm's performance is consistent regardless of client cluster variations; 3. FedFNN outperforms other methods in scenarios with limited client availability, converging more quickly.  
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  Notes LAMP Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ FLM2023 Serial (down) 3980  
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Author Alloy Das; Sanket Biswas; Umapada Pal; Josep Llados edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Diving into the Depths of Spotting Text in Multi-Domain Noisy Scenes Type Conference Article
  Year 2024 Publication IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation in PACIFICO Abbreviated Journal  
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  Abstract When used in a real-world noisy environment, the capacity to generalize to multiple domains is essential for any autonomous scene text spotting system. However, existing state-of-the-art methods employ pretraining and fine-tuning strategies on natural scene datasets, which do not exploit the feature interaction across other complex domains. In this work, we explore and investigate the problem of domain-agnostic scene text spotting, i.e., training a model on multi-domain source data such that it can directly generalize to target domains rather than being specialized for a specific domain or scenario. In this regard, we present the community a text spotting validation benchmark called Under-Water Text (UWT) for noisy underwater scenes to establish an important case study. Moreover, we also design an efficient super-resolution based end-to-end transformer baseline called DA-TextSpotter which achieves comparable or superior performance over existing text spotting architectures for both regular and arbitrary-shaped scene text spotting benchmarks in terms of both accuracy and model efficiency. The dataset, code and pre-trained models will be released upon acceptance.  
  Address Yokohama; Japan; May 2024  
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  Area Expedition Conference ICRA  
  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ DBP2024 Serial (down) 3979  
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Author Chuanming Tang; Kai Wang; Joost van de Weijer; Jianlin Zhang; Yongmei Huang edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Exploiting Image-Related Inductive Biases in Single-Branch Visual Tracking Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2023 Publication Arxiv Abbreviated Journal  
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  Abstract Despite achieving state-of-the-art performance in visual tracking, recent single-branch trackers tend to overlook the weak prior assumptions associated with the Vision Transformer (ViT) encoder and inference pipeline. Moreover, the effectiveness of discriminative trackers remains constrained due to the adoption of the dual-branch pipeline. To tackle the inferior effectiveness of the vanilla ViT, we propose an Adaptive ViT Model Prediction tracker (AViTMP) to bridge the gap between single-branch network and discriminative models. Specifically, in the proposed encoder AViT-Enc, we introduce an adaptor module and joint target state embedding to enrich the dense embedding paradigm based on ViT. Then, we combine AViT-Enc with a dense-fusion decoder and a discriminative target model to predict accurate location. Further, to mitigate the limitations of conventional inference practice, we present a novel inference pipeline called CycleTrack, which bolsters the tracking robustness in the presence of distractors via bidirectional cycle tracking verification. Lastly, we propose a dual-frame update inference strategy that adeptively handles significant challenges in long-term scenarios. In the experiments, we evaluate AViTMP on ten tracking benchmarks for a comprehensive assessment, including LaSOT, LaSOTExtSub, AVisT, etc. The experimental results unequivocally establish that AViTMP attains state-of-the-art performance, especially on long-time tracking and robustness.  
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  Notes LAMP Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ TWW2023 Serial (down) 3978  
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Author Ruben Ballester; Carles Casacuberta; Sergio Escalera edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Decorrelating neurons using persistence Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2023 Publication ARXIV Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract We propose a novel way to improve the generalisation capacity of deep learning models by reducing high correlations between neurons. For this, we present two regularisation terms computed from the weights of a minimum spanning tree of the clique whose vertices are the neurons of a given network (or a sample of those), where weights on edges are correlation dissimilarities. We provide an extensive set of experiments to validate the effectiveness of our terms, showing that they outperform popular ones. Also, we demonstrate that naive minimisation of all correlations between neurons obtains lower accuracies than our regularisation terms, suggesting that redundancies play a significant role in artificial neural networks, as evidenced by some studies in neuroscience for real networks. We include a proof of differentiability of our regularisers, thus developing the first effective topological persistence-based regularisation terms that consider the whole set of neurons and that can be applied to a feedforward architecture in any deep learning task such as classification, data generation, or regression.  
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  Notes HUPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BCE2023 Serial (down) 3977  
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Author Iban Berganzo-Besga; Hector A. Orengo; Felipe Lumbreras; Aftab Alam; Rosie Campbell; Petrus J Gerrits; Jonas Gregorio de Souza; Afifa Khan; Maria Suarez Moreno; Jack Tomaney; Rebecca C Roberts; Cameron A Petrie edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Curriculum learning-based strategy for low-density archaeological mound detection from historical maps in India and Pakistan Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Scientific Reports Abbreviated Journal ScR  
  Volume 13 Issue Pages 11257  
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  Abstract This paper presents two algorithms for the large-scale automatic detection and instance segmentation of potential archaeological mounds on historical maps. Historical maps present a unique source of information for the reconstruction of ancient landscapes. The last 100 years have seen unprecedented landscape modifications with the introduction and large-scale implementation of mechanised agriculture, channel-based irrigation schemes, and urban expansion to name but a few. Historical maps offer a window onto disappearing landscapes where many historical and archaeological elements that no longer exist today are depicted. The algorithms focus on the detection and shape extraction of mound features with high probability of being archaeological settlements, mounds being one of the most commonly documented archaeological features to be found in the Survey of India historical map series, although not necessarily recognised as such at the time of surveying. Mound features with high archaeological potential are most commonly depicted through hachures or contour-equivalent form-lines, therefore, an algorithm has been designed to detect each of those features. Our proposed approach addresses two of the most common issues in archaeological automated survey, the low-density of archaeological features to be detected, and the small amount of training data available. It has been applied to all types of maps available of the historic 1″ to 1-mile series, thus increasing the complexity of the detection. Moreover, the inclusion of synthetic data, along with a Curriculum Learning strategy, has allowed the algorithm to better understand what the mound features look like. Likewise, a series of filters based on topographic setting, form, and size have been applied to improve the accuracy of the models. The resulting algorithms have a recall value of 52.61% and a precision of 82.31% for the hachure mounds, and a recall value of 70.80% and a precision of 70.29% for the form-line mounds, which allowed the detection of nearly 6000 mound features over an area of 470,500 km2, the largest such approach to have ever been applied. If we restrict our focus to the maps most similar to those used in the algorithm training, we reach recall values greater than 60% and precision values greater than 90%. This approach has shown the potential to implement an adaptive algorithm that allows, after a small amount of retraining with data detected from a new map, a better general mound feature detection in the same map.  
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  Notes MSIAU Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BOL2023 Serial (down) 3976  
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Author Eduardo Aguilar; Bogdan Raducanu; Petia Radeva; Joost Van de Weijer edit  url
openurl 
  Title Continual Evidential Deep Learning for Out-of-Distribution Detection Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 3444-3454  
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  Abstract Uncertainty-based deep learning models have attracted a great deal of interest for their ability to provide accurate and reliable predictions. Evidential deep learning stands out achieving remarkable performance in detecting out-ofdistribution (OOD) data with a single deterministic neural network. Motivated by this fact, in this paper we propose the integration of an evidential deep learning method into a continual learning framework in order to perform simultaneously incremental object classification and OOD detection. Moreover, we analyze the ability of vacuity and dissonance to differentiate between in-distribution data belonging to old classes and OOD data. The proposed method 1, called CEDL, is evaluated on CIFAR-100 considering two settings consisting of 5 and 10 tasks, respectively. From the obtained results, we could appreciate that the proposed method, in addition to provide comparable results in object classification with respect to the baseline, largely outperforms OOD detection compared to several posthoc methods on three evaluation metrics: AUROC, AUPR and FPR95.  
  Address Paris; France; October 2023  
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  Area Expedition Conference ICCVW  
  Notes LAMP; MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ ARR2023 Serial (down) 3974  
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