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Author Mohamed Ali Souibgui; Y.Kessentini edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title DE-GAN: A Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Document Enhancement Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal (down) TPAMI  
  Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 1180-1191  
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  Abstract Documents often exhibit various forms of degradation, which make it hard to be read and substantially deteriorate the performance of an OCR system. In this paper, we propose an effective end-to-end framework named Document Enhancement Generative Adversarial Networks (DE-GAN) that uses the conditional GANs (cGANs) to restore severely degraded document images. To the best of our knowledge, this practice has not been studied within the context of generative adversarial deep networks. We demonstrate that, in different tasks (document clean up, binarization, deblurring and watermark removal), DE-GAN can produce an enhanced version of the degraded document with a high quality. In addition, our approach provides consistent improvements compared to state-of-the-art methods over the widely used DIBCO 2013, DIBCO 2017 and H-DIBCO 2018 datasets, proving its ability to restore a degraded document image to its ideal condition. The obtained results on a wide variety of degradation reveal the flexibility of the proposed model to be exploited in other document enhancement problems.  
  Address 1 March 2022  
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  Notes DAG; 602.230; 600.121; 600.140 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SoK2022 Serial 3454  
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Author Marc Masana; Xialei Liu; Bartlomiej Twardowski; Mikel Menta; Andrew Bagdanov; Joost Van de Weijer edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Class-incremental learning: survey and performance evaluation Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal (down) TPAMI  
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  Abstract For future learning systems incremental learning is desirable, because it allows for: efficient resource usage by eliminating the need to retrain from scratch at the arrival of new data; reduced memory usage by preventing or limiting the amount of data required to be stored -- also important when privacy limitations are imposed; and learning that more closely resembles human learning. The main challenge for incremental learning is catastrophic forgetting, which refers to the precipitous drop in performance on previously learned tasks after learning a new one. Incremental learning of deep neural networks has seen explosive growth in recent years. Initial work focused on task incremental learning, where a task-ID is provided at inference time. Recently we have seen a shift towards class-incremental learning where the learner must classify at inference time between all classes seen in previous tasks without recourse to a task-ID. In this paper, we provide a complete survey of existing methods for incremental learning, and in particular we perform an extensive experimental evaluation on twelve class-incremental methods. We consider several new experimental scenarios, including a comparison of class-incremental methods on multiple large-scale datasets, investigation into small and large domain shifts, and comparison on various network architectures.  
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  Notes LAMP; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MLT2022 Serial 3538  
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Author Zhengying Liu; Adrien Pavao; Zhen Xu; Sergio Escalera; Fabio Ferreira; Isabelle Guyon; Sirui Hong; Frank Hutter; Rongrong Ji; Julio C. S. Jacques Junior; Ge Li; Marius Lindauer; Zhipeng Luo; Meysam Madadi; Thomas Nierhoff; Kangning Niu; Chunguang Pan; Danny Stoll; Sebastien Treguer; Jin Wang; Peng Wang; Chenglin Wu; Youcheng Xiong; Arber Zela; Yang Zhang edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Winning Solutions and Post-Challenge Analyses of the ChaLearn AutoDL Challenge 2019 Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal (down) TPAMI  
  Volume 43 Issue 9 Pages 3108 - 3125  
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  Abstract This paper reports the results and post-challenge analyses of ChaLearn's AutoDL challenge series, which helped sorting out a profusion of AutoML solutions for Deep Learning (DL) that had been introduced in a variety of settings, but lacked fair comparisons. All input data modalities (time series, images, videos, text, tabular) were formatted as tensors and all tasks were multi-label classification problems. Code submissions were executed on hidden tasks, with limited time and computational resources, pushing solutions that get results quickly. In this setting, DL methods dominated, though popular Neural Architecture Search (NAS) was impractical. Solutions relied on fine-tuned pre-trained networks, with architectures matching data modality. Post-challenge tests did not reveal improvements beyond the imposed time limit. While no component is particularly original or novel, a high level modular organization emerged featuring a “meta-learner”, “data ingestor”, “model selector”, “model/learner”, and “evaluator”. This modularity enabled ablation studies, which revealed the importance of (off-platform) meta-learning, ensembling, and efficient data management. Experiments on heterogeneous module combinations further confirm the (local) optimality of the winning solutions. Our challenge legacy includes an ever-lasting benchmark (http://autodl.chalearn.org), the open-sourced code of the winners, and a free “AutoDL self-service.”  
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  Notes HUPBA; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ LPX2021 Serial 3587  
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Author Lei Kang; Pau Riba; Marcal Rusinol; Alicia Fornes; Mauricio Villegas edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Content and Style Aware Generation of Text-line Images for Handwriting Recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal (down) TPAMI  
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  Abstract Handwritten Text Recognition has achieved an impressive performance in public benchmarks. However, due to the high inter- and intra-class variability between handwriting styles, such recognizers need to be trained using huge volumes of manually labeled training data. To alleviate this labor-consuming problem, synthetic data produced with TrueType fonts has been often used in the training loop to gain volume and augment the handwriting style variability. However, there is a significant style bias between synthetic and real data which hinders the improvement of recognition performance. To deal with such limitations, we propose a generative method for handwritten text-line images, which is conditioned on both visual appearance and textual content. Our method is able to produce long text-line samples with diverse handwriting styles. Once properly trained, our method can also be adapted to new target data by only accessing unlabeled text-line images to mimic handwritten styles and produce images with any textual content. Extensive experiments have been done on making use of the generated samples to boost Handwritten Text Recognition performance. Both qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the current state of the art.  
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  Notes DAG; 600.140; 600.121 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ KRR2021 Serial 3612  
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Author Swathikiran Sudhakaran; Sergio Escalera;Oswald Lanz edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Learning to Recognize Actions on Objects in Egocentric Video with Attention Dictionaries Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal (down) TPAMI  
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  Abstract We present EgoACO, a deep neural architecture for video action recognition that learns to pool action-context-object descriptors from frame level features by leveraging the verb-noun structure of action labels in egocentric video datasets. The core component of EgoACO is class activation pooling (CAP), a differentiable pooling operation that combines ideas from bilinear pooling for fine-grained recognition and from feature learning for discriminative localization. CAP uses self-attention with a dictionary of learnable weights to pool from the most relevant feature regions. Through CAP, EgoACO learns to decode object and scene context descriptors from video frame features. For temporal modeling in EgoACO, we design a recurrent version of class activation pooling termed Long Short-Term Attention (LSTA). LSTA extends convolutional gated LSTM with built-in spatial attention and a re-designed output gate. Action, object and context descriptors are fused by a multi-head prediction that accounts for the inter-dependencies between noun-verb-action structured labels in egocentric video datasets. EgoACO features built-in visual explanations, helping learning and interpretation. Results on the two largest egocentric action recognition datasets currently available, EPIC-KITCHENS and EGTEA, show that by explicitly decoding action-context-object descriptors, EgoACO achieves state-of-the-art recognition performance.  
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  Notes HUPBA; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SEL2021 Serial 3656  
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Author Swathikiran Sudhakaran; Sergio Escalera; Oswald Lanz edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Gate-Shift-Fuse for Video Action Recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal (down) TPAMI  
  Volume 45 Issue 9 Pages 10913-10928  
  Keywords Action Recognition; Video Classification; Spatial Gating; Channel Fusion  
  Abstract Convolutional Neural Networks are the de facto models for image recognition. However 3D CNNs, the straight forward extension of 2D CNNs for video recognition, have not achieved the same success on standard action recognition benchmarks. One of the main reasons for this reduced performance of 3D CNNs is the increased computational complexity requiring large scale annotated datasets to train them in scale. 3D kernel factorization approaches have been proposed to reduce the complexity of 3D CNNs. Existing kernel factorization approaches follow hand-designed and hard-wired techniques. In this paper we propose Gate-Shift-Fuse (GSF), a novel spatio-temporal feature extraction module which controls interactions in spatio-temporal decomposition and learns to adaptively route features through time and combine them in a data dependent manner. GSF leverages grouped spatial gating to decompose input tensor and channel weighting to fuse the decomposed tensors. GSF can be inserted into existing 2D CNNs to convert them into an efficient and high performing spatio-temporal feature extractor, with negligible parameter and compute overhead. We perform an extensive analysis of GSF using two popular 2D CNN families and achieve state-of-the-art or competitive performance on five standard action recognition benchmarks.  
  Address 1 Sept. 2023  
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  Notes HUPBA; no menciona Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SEL2023 Serial 3814  
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Author Javier Selva; Anders S. Johansen; Sergio Escalera; Kamal Nasrollahi; Thomas B. Moeslund; Albert Clapes edit  doi
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  Title Video transformers: A survey Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal (down) TPAMI  
  Volume 45 Issue 11 Pages 12922-12943  
  Keywords Artificial Intelligence; Computer Vision; Self-Attention; Transformers; Video Representations  
  Abstract Transformer models have shown great success handling long-range interactions, making them a promising tool for modeling video. However, they lack inductive biases and scale quadratically with input length. These limitations are further exacerbated when dealing with the high dimensionality introduced by the temporal dimension. While there are surveys analyzing the advances of Transformers for vision, none focus on an in-depth analysis of video-specific designs. In this survey, we analyze the main contributions and trends of works leveraging Transformers to model video. Specifically, we delve into how videos are handled at the input level first. Then, we study the architectural changes made to deal with video more efficiently, reduce redundancy, re-introduce useful inductive biases, and capture long-term temporal dynamics. In addition, we provide an overview of different training regimes and explore effective self-supervised learning strategies for video. Finally, we conduct a performance comparison on the most common benchmark for Video Transformers (i.e., action classification), finding them to outperform 3D ConvNets even with less computational complexity.  
  Address 1 Nov. 2023  
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  Notes HUPBA; no menciona Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SJE2023 Serial 3823  
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Author Akshita Gupta; Sanath Narayan; Salman Khan; Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Ling Shao; Joost Van de Weijer edit  doi
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  Title Generative Multi-Label Zero-Shot Learning Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal (down) TPAMI  
  Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 14611-14624  
  Keywords Generalized zero-shot learning; Multi-label classification; Zero-shot object detection; Feature synthesis  
  Abstract Multi-label zero-shot learning strives to classify images into multiple unseen categories for which no data is available during training. The test samples can additionally contain seen categories in the generalized variant. Existing approaches rely on learning either shared or label-specific attention from the seen classes. Nevertheless, computing reliable attention maps for unseen classes during inference in a multi-label setting is still a challenge. In contrast, state-of-the-art single-label generative adversarial network (GAN) based approaches learn to directly synthesize the class-specific visual features from the corresponding class attribute embeddings. However, synthesizing multi-label features from GANs is still unexplored in the context of zero-shot setting. When multiple objects occur jointly in a single image, a critical question is how to effectively fuse multi-class information. In this work, we introduce different fusion approaches at the attribute-level, feature-level and cross-level (across attribute and feature-levels) for synthesizing multi-label features from their corresponding multi-label class embeddings. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to tackle the problem of multi-label feature synthesis in the (generalized) zero-shot setting. Our cross-level fusion-based generative approach outperforms the state-of-the-art on three zero-shot benchmarks: NUS-WIDE, Open Images and MS COCO. Furthermore, we show the generalization capabilities of our fusion approach in the zero-shot detection task on MS COCO, achieving favorable performance against existing methods.  
  Address December 2023  
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  Notes LAMP; PID2021-128178OB-I00 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ Serial 3853  
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Author Shiqi Yang; Yaxing Wang; Joost Van de Weijer; Luis Herranz; Shangling Jui; Jian Yang edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Trust Your Good Friends: Source-Free Domain Adaptation by Reciprocal Neighborhood Clustering Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal (down) TPAMI  
  Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 15883-15895  
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  Abstract Domain adaptation (DA) aims to alleviate the domain shift between source domain and target domain. Most DA methods require access to the source data, but often that is not possible (e.g., due to data privacy or intellectual property). In this paper, we address the challenging source-free domain adaptation (SFDA) problem, where the source pretrained model is adapted to the target domain in the absence of source data. Our method is based on the observation that target data, which might not align with the source domain classifier, still forms clear clusters. We capture this intrinsic structure by defining local affinity of the target data, and encourage label consistency among data with high local affinity. We observe that higher affinity should be assigned to reciprocal neighbors. To aggregate information with more context, we consider expanded neighborhoods with small affinity values. Furthermore, we consider the density around each target sample, which can alleviate the negative impact of potential outliers. In the experimental results we verify that the inherent structure of the target features is an important source of information for domain adaptation. We demonstrate that this local structure can be efficiently captured by considering the local neighbors, the reciprocal neighbors, and the expanded neighborhood. Finally, we achieve state-of-the-art performance on several 2D image and 3D point cloud recognition datasets.  
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  Notes LAMP; MACO Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ YWW2023 Serial 3889  
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Author Katerine Diaz; Francesc J. Ferri; W. Diaz edit  doi
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  Title Incremental Generalized Discriminative Common Vectors for Image Classification Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems Abbreviated Journal (down) TNNLS  
  Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 1761 - 1775  
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  Abstract Subspace-based methods have become popular due to their ability to appropriately represent complex data in such a way that both dimensionality is reduced and discriminativeness is enhanced. Several recent works have concentrated on the discriminative common vector (DCV) method and other closely related algorithms also based on the concept of null space. In this paper, we present a generalized incremental formulation of the DCV methods, which allows the update of a given model by considering the addition of new examples even from unseen classes. Having efficient incremental formulations of well-behaved batch algorithms allows us to conveniently adapt previously trained classifiers without the need of recomputing them from scratch. The proposed generalized incremental method has been empirically validated in different case studies from different application domains (faces, objects, and handwritten digits) considering several different scenarios in which new data are continuously added at different rates starting from an initial model.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2162-237X ISBN Medium  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.076 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ DFD2015 Serial 2547  
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